Audio Pronunciation Guide
Listing by Chapter


Alphabetical Listing


Chapters:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35


 

Chapter 1

Term Pronunciation
Yoruba yoh-roo-bah
Oduduwa oh-DOO-doo-wah
Beijing bay-jeeng
Australopithecus africanus aw-strah-loh-PITH-uh-kuhs ah-frih-KAH-nuhs
Australopithecine aw-strah-loh-PITH-uh-seen
hominid HOM-uh-nid
Pleistocene PLY-stuh-seen
Olduvai ol-DOO-vy
Homo habilis HOH-moh HAB-uh-luhs
Homo erectus HOH-moh ee-REK-tuhs
Homo sapiens HOH-moh SAY-pee-enz
Paleolithic pay-lee-oh-LITH-ik
Neolithic nee-oh-LITH-ik
Vallon Pont-d’Arc vah-LON pon-DAHRK
Tehuacán teh-wah-KAHN
maize mayz
quinoa kee-NOH-uh
Zebu ZEE-boo
Holocene HAWL-oh-seen
lineage LIN-ee-ij
matrilineal mat-ruh-LIN-ee-uhl
patrilineal pat-ruh-LIN-ee-uhl
Kikuyi ki-KOO-yoo
matriarchy MAY-tree-ahr-key
Jericho JER-ih-koh
Delhi DEL-ee
Krishna KRISH-nuh
Arjuna AHR-joo-nuh
Çatal Hüyük cha-TAHL hoo-YOOK
legume LEG-yoom

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Chapter 2

Term Pronunciation
Enkidu EN-kee-doo
Uruk OO-rook
Tigris TIE-gris
Euphrates you-FRAY-teez
Huang He hwang huh
Tiamat TIE-ah-mat
Zagros ZAG-ruhs
Semitic suh-MIT-ik
Aramaic ar-uh-MAY-ik
Phoenician fi-NEE-shuhn
Akkadian uh-KAY-dee-uhn
Kassite KAS-ite
Elamite EE-luh-mite
Jericho JER-ih-koe
Çatal Hüyük cha-TAHL hoo-YOOK
lugal LOO-guhl
Sargon SAHR-gone
Akkad AH-kahd
cuneiform kyoo-NEE-uh-form
Amorite AM-uh-rite
Hammurabi HAM-uh-rah-bee
lapis lazuli LAP-is LAZ-uh-lee
carnelian kahr-NEEL-yuhn
anthropomorphic an-thruh-puh-MORE-fik
ziggurat ZIG-uh-rat
Ebla EH-bluh
Herodotus he-ROD-uh-tuhs
Aswan AS-wahn
Faiyum fie-YOOM
Menes MEH-neez
Re ray
ma’at muh-AHT
Djoser JO-sur
Saqqara suh-KAHR-uh
Khufu KOO-foo
Khefren KEF-ren
hieroglyphics high-ruh-GLIF-iks
papyrus puh-PIE-ruhs
Levant luh-VANT
Punt poont
Osiris oh-SIGH-ris
Ptah puh-TAH
Heliopolis he-lee-OP-uh-lis
Amon AH-muhn
shawabtis shuh-WAB-tees
Sind sinned
Thar tahr
Pamir pah-MEER
Himalaya him-uh-LAY-uh
Hakra HAK-ruh
Delhi DEL-ee
Kathiawar kah-tee-uh-WAHR
Mohenjo-Daro moe-hen-joe-DAHR-oh
Dravidian druh-VID-ee-uhn

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Chapter 3

Term Pronunciation
Hatshepsut hat-SHEP-soot
Punt poont
myrrh murr
Deir el-Bahri DIRE uhl-BAH-ree
Himalayas HIM-uh-LAY-uhz
Pamir pah-MEER
Tian tee-en
Takla Makan TAH-kluh muh-KAHN
Gobi GO-bee
Yangzi yang-zuh
Xinjiang shin-jyahng
loess less
Shang shahng
Henan heh-nahn
Gansu gahn-soo
Anyang ahn-yahng
Zhou joe
Wei way
Luoyang LWOE-yahng
Daoist DOW-ist
Qin chin
Kassite KAS-ite
Mari MAH-ree
Mitanni mih-TAH-nee
Hittite HIT-ite
Hattusha haht-tush-SHAH
Ankara ANG-kuh-ruh
Akkadian uh-KAY-dee-uhn
Elamite ee-luh-mite
Hyksos HICK-soes
Kamose KAH-mose
Ahmose AH-mose
Tuthmosis tuth-MOE-sis
Amenhotep ah-muhn-HOE-tep
Aten AHT-n
Amon AH-muhn
Amarna uh-MAHR-nuh
Nefertiti nef-uhr-TEE-tee
Tutankhamun toot-ahng-KAH-muhn
Ramesses ram-ih-SEEZ
Alalakh UH-luh-luhk
Ugarit OO-guh-reet
Aswan AS-wahn
Khartoum kahr-TOOM
Napata na-PAY-tuh
Gebel Barkal JEB-uhl BAHR-kahl
Meroë MER-oh-ee
shawabti shuh-WAB-tee
Aksum Ahk-soom
Minoan mih-NO-uhn
Mycenaean my-suh-NEE-uhn
Minotaur MIN-uh-tor
Daedalus DED-ih-luhs
Cnossus NOSS-suhs
Phaistos FIE-stuhs
Mallia mahl-YAH
Agamemnon ag-uh-MEM-non
Mycenae my-SEE-nee
Theseus THEE-see-uhs
Tiryns TEER-inz
Pylos PIE-lohs
Iolcus YOL-kuhs
Cyclopes sigh-KLOE-pees
Achilles uh-KIL-eez
Ahhijawa uh-key-YAW-wuh
Achaeans uh-KEY-uhns
Ekwesh ECK-wesh

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Chapter 4

Term Pronunciation
Tyre tire
Olmec OHL-meck
Chavín cha-BEAN
La Venta LA BEN-tah
Tres Zapotes TRACE zah-POE-tace
Chavín de Huántar cha-BEAN day WAHN-tar
Celts kelts
Lug loog
Epona eh-POH-nuh
Cernunnos KURN-you-nuhs
Urartu ur-RAHR-too
Kalhu KAL-oo
Nineveh NIN-uh-vuh
Tiglathpileser TIG-lath-pih-LEE-zuhr
Ashurbanipal ah-shur-BAH-nuh-pahl
Shephelah sheh-FEH-luh
Gomorrah guh-MORE-uh
Apiru uh-PEE-roo
Astarte uh-STAHR-tee
Nebuchadnezzar NAB-oo-kuhd-nez-uhr
Deuteronomic doo-tuhr-uh-NAHM-ik
Phoenician fi-NEE-shunn
Phoinikes FOY-nee-kes
Byblos BIB-loss
Berytus buh-RIE-tuhs
Sarepta suh-REP-tuh
Melqart MEL-kahrt
Byrsa BURR-suh
Tanit TAH-nit
tophet TOE-fet
Xenophon ZEN-uh-fuhn
Nabopolassar NAB-oh-poe-lass-uhr

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Chapter 5

Term Pronunciation
Herodotus heh-ROD-uh tuhs
Darius duh-RIE-uhs
Caucasus KAW-kuh-suhs
Baluchistan buh-loo-chi-STAN
Achaemenid a-KEY-muh-nid
Cambyses kam-BIE-sees
Scythian SITH-ee-uhn
satrap SAY-trap
Ahasuerus uh-HAZZ-yoo-ear-uhs
Xerxes ZERK-sees
Naqsh-i Rustam NUHK-shee ROOS-tuhm
Ahuramazda ah-HOOR-uh-MAZZ-duh
Zoroastrianism zo-ro-ASS-tree-uh-niz-uhm
Angra Mainyu ANG-ruh MINE-yoo
polis POE-lis
Hellenes HELL-leans
oligarchy OLL-ih-gahr-key
anthropomorphic an-thruh-puh-MORE-fik
Pythia PITH-ee-uh
Archilochus ahr-KIL-uh-kuhs
Xenophanes zeh-NOFF-eh-nees
helot HELL-ut
Thucydides thoo-SID-ih-dees
Peloponnese PELL-eh-puh-neze
Pisistratus pie-SIS-truh-tuhs
Dionysia die-uh-NIZ-ee-uh
Panathenaea pan-ath-uh-NEE-uh
Pericles PER-eh-kleez
Eretria er-EH-tree-uh
Thermopylae thuhr-MOP-uh-lee
Salamis SAH-lah-miss
trireme TRY-reem
Piraeus pih-RAY-uhs
Aristophanes ar-uh-STOFF-uh-neze
Thesmophoria thes-moe-FOE-ree-uh
Antigone ar-TIG-uh-nee
Lysistrata lis-uh-STRAH-tuh
Gaugamela GAW-guh-mee-luh
Seleucid sih-LOO-sid
Ptolemaic tawl-uh-MAY-ik
Antigonid an-TIG-uh-nid
Ptolemies TAWL-uh-meze
Achaean uh-KEY-uhn

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Chapter 6

Term Pronunciation
Bosporus BAHS-puhr-uhs
Constantinople cahn-stan-tih-NO-pul
Qin chin
Wei way
Chang’an chahng-ahn
Luoyang LWOE-yahng
Xinjiang SHIN-jyahng
Xiongnu SHE-OONG-noo
Sui sway
Tang tahng

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Chapter 7

Term Pronunciation
Arjuna AHR-joo-nuh
Krishna KRISH-nuh
Vedas VAY-duhs
Upanishads oo-PAHN-ih-shahds
Mauryan MORE-yuhn
Himalayas him-uh-LAY-uhs
Thar tahr
Deccan de-KAN
Kshatriya kshuh-TREE-yuh
Vaishya VIESH-yuh
Shudra SHOOD-ra
Jainism JINE-iz-uhm
bodhisattva boe-dih-SUT-vuh
Mahayana mah-huh-YAH-nuh
Theravada there-eh-VAH-duh
Maurya MORE-yuh
Faxian fah-shee-en
sati suh-TEE
Malay muh-LAY
Xuanzang shoo-wen-zahng
maharaja mah-huh-RAH-juh
Srivijava sree-vih-JUH-yuh
Myanmar myahn-MAH
Thailand TIE-land
Laos louse
Brunei broo-NIE

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Chapter 8

Term Pronunciation
Po Zhuyi boh joo-yee
Sogdiana sog-dee-A-nuh
Samarkand SAM-mar-kand
Bukhara boo-CAR-ruh
Chang’an chahng-ahn
Tang tahng
Zhang Jian jahng jee-en
Ferghana fer-GAH-nuh
Bactria BAK-tree-uh
Mozambique moe-zam-BEEK
Erythraean eh-RITH-ree-an
Tuareg TWAH-reg
Tunisia too-NEE-zhee-uh
Sahel SAH-hel
Sijilmasa sih-jil-MAS-suh
Tahert TAH-hert
Ghana GAH-nuh
Soninke soh-NIN-kay
Awdaghost OW-duh-gost
Almoravid al-moe-RAH-vid
Marrakesh MAH-rah-kesh
Zaire zah-EER
Mbuti m-BOO-tee
Khoisan KOI-sahn
Faxian fah-shee-en
Xuanzang shoo-wen-zahng

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Chapter 9

Term Pronunciation
Ghadir al-Khumm ga-DEER al-KUM
Shi’ite SHE-ite
Sunni SUN-nee
Sasanid suh-SAH-nid
Palmyra pal-MY-ruh
Shahan-shah SHAH-han-SHAH
Quraysh koo-RYYSH
Ka’ba KAH-buh
Khadija kah-DEE-juh
Allah AH-luh
Abu Bakr ab-boo BAK-uhr
hijra HIJ-ruh
umma UM-muh
A’isha AH-ee-shah
khalifa kah-LEE-fuh
Quran kuh-RAHN
Uthman ooth-MAHN
Mu’awiya moo-AH-we-yuh
Umayyad oo-MY-ad
Khurasan kor-uh-SAHN
Abbasid ah-BASS-id
Harun al-Rashid hah-ROON al-rah-SHEED
mamluk MAM-luke
Buyid BOO-yid
Samanid sah-MAN-id
Fatimid FAT-uh-mid
Fustat fuss-TAHT
Abd al-Rahman AHB-d al-ruh-MAHN
Ibn Rushd IB-uhn RUSHED
Averroës uh-VERR-oh-eez
Ibn Tufayl IB-uhn too-FILE
Ibn al-Arabi IB-uhn ahl-AH-rah-bee
ulama oo-leh-MAH
Ibn Tumart IB-uhn TOO-mahrt
Almohad AL-moe-had
Seljuk sel-JOOK
Tughril TUUG-ruhl
Manzikert MANZ-ih-kuhrt
Saracen SAR-uh-suhn
Nur al-Din ibn Zangi NOOR-al-DEEN ib-uhn ZAN-gee
Ain Jalut ine jah-LOOT
hadith hah-DEETH
Qayrawan kire-ah-WAHN
Ibn al-Haytham IB-uhn al-HY-tham
madrasa MAH-dras-uh

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Chapter 10

Term Pronunciation
Charlemagne SHAHR-leh-mane
Carolingian kah-roe-LIN-gee-uhn
Varangians va-RAN-gee-anz
Constantinople cahn-stan-tih-NO-pul
Bordeaux bore-DOE
hauberk HAW-berk
Bayeux bay-YUH
Dhuoda do-OH-dah
patriarchate PAY-tree-ar-kayt
schism SKIZ-uhm
Monophysite muh-NAH-fi-site
Arianism AIR-ree-uh-niz-uhm
Nicaea neye-SEE-uh
Hildebrand HILL-de-brand
Bologna boe-LOAN-yuh
Cluny KLOO-nee
Romanesque roe-man-ESK
pontifex maximus PAHN-tih-fex MAX-ih-muhs
Alexius Comnenus uh-LEX-see-uhs kom-NAY-nuhs
Hagia Sophia AH-yah SOH-fee-uh
Cyrillic sih-RIL-ik
Dnieper d-NYEP-er
Kiev KEE-yev
Novgorod NOHV-goh-rod
Vladimir VLAD-ih-mir
Brescia BREH-shee-uh
Siena see-EN-uh
Bruges broozh
Ypres EEP-r
Edessa ih-DESS-suh

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Chapter 11

Term Pronunciation
Ge Hong guh hoong
Sui sway
Tang tahng
Song soong
Wei way
Chang'an chahng-ahn
Yangzi yahng-zeh
Li Shimin lee shir-meen
Mahayana Mah-HAH-YAH-nah
Guangzhou gwahng-jo
Uigur WEE-ger
An Lushan ahn loo-shahn
Wu Zhao woo jow
Yang Guifei yahng gway-fay
Bo Zhuyi baw joo-ee
Qinghai CHING-hie
Sichuan SUH-chwahn
Xinjiang shin-jee-yahng
Nan Zhao nan-jow
Liao lee-OW
Kitan kee-tan
Beijing bay-jeeng
Tanggut TAHNG-gut
Kaifeng kie-fuhng
Hangzhou hahng-jo
Silla SILL-ah or SHILL-ah
Koryo KAW-ree-oh
Taika TIE-kah
Nara NAH-rah
Fujiwara foo-jee-WAH-rah
Kamakura kah-mah-KOO-rah
Annam ahn-nahm
Dai Viet die vee-yet

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Chapter 12

Term Pronunciation
Maya MY-ah
Wac-Chanil-Ahau wac-cha-NEEL-ah-HOW
Dos Pilas dohs PEE-las
Naranjo na-ROHN-hoe
Chavín cha-VEEN
Teotihuacan teh-o-tee-WAH-kahn
Quetzalcoatl kate-zahl-CO-ah-tal
chinampas chee-NAM-pahs
Toltec TOLL-tek
Tula TOO-la
Topilitzin tow-PEELT-zeen
Mexica meh-SHE-ca
Tenochititlan teh-noch-TIT-lan
Moctezuma mock-teh-ZU-ma
Huitzilopochtli wheat-zeel-oh-POSHT-lee
Anasazi ah-nah-SAH-zee
khipus KEY-pooz
ayllu aye-YOU
mit'a MEET-ah
Moche MO-che
Wari WAH-ree
Chimú chee-MOO
Tiwanaku tee-wah-NA-coo

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Chapter 13

Term Pronunciation
Temüjin TEM-uh-jin
Toghoril TOE-hoe-rill
Keraits keh-rates
Genghis Khan GENG-iz KAHN
Ögödei ERG-uh-day
Batu BAH-too
Volga VOHL-gah
Güyük gi-yik
Ain Jalut ine jah-LOOT
Khwarazmshah hwa-RAZZ-um-shah
Balkh bahlk
Hülegü HE-luh-gee
Marco Polo mar-koe POE-loe
Kaffa KAH-fah
Crimea cry-MEE-ah
Il-khan IL-con
Kipchak KIP-chahk
Sarai sah-RYE
halal haa-LAAL
Tabriz taw-BREEZE
Markuz MARK-uhz
Rabban Sauma rahb-bahn SAU-ma
Ghazan haz-zan
Rashid al-Din ra-SHEED ad-DEEN
Timur tem-EER
Jagadai jahg-ah-die
Juvaini joo-VINE-nee
Ibn Khaldun ee-bin hal-DOON
Nasir al-Din Tusi nah-zer ad-DEEN toos
Alamut ah-lah-moot
Seljuk SEL-jook
Omar Khayyam oh-mar KIE-yam
Maraga mah-rah-gah
Uigur WEE-ger
Khubilai KOO-bih-lie
Ulugh Beg oo-look bek
Fibonacci fee-bo-NACH-chee
Ghiyas al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi gee-YASS ad-DIN jam-sheed ak-KAHSH
Sufism SOO-fiz-uhm
Riazan ree-AH-zahn
Kiev kee-yef
denga DENG-ah
tamga TAHM-gah
Nevskii nih-EFF-skee
Ukraine you-CRANE
Ivan ee-VAHN
Teutonic two-TOHN-ik
Lithuania lith-oo-WAY-nee-ah
Mamluk MAM-look
ibn Salim ee-bin sah-leem

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Chapter 14

Term Pronunciation
Ögödei ERG-uh-day
Yelu Chucai yay-loo CHOO-tsye
Song soong
Khubilai KOO-bih-lie
Yuan yu-wenn
Tang tahng
Temüjin TEM-uh-jin
Beijing bay-JING
Karakorum kah-rah-KOR-um
lama LAH-mah
khan-balikh kahn-BAL-ik
Shangdu shahng-DOO
Xanadu ZAH-nah-doo
Huang Dao Po hwahng DOW poh
Yunnan YOON-nahn
Hülegü HE-luh-gee
Zhu Yuanzhang JOO yuwen JAHNG
Nanjing nahn-JING
Yongle yoong-LAW
Zheng He JEHNG HUH
Brunei broo-NIE
Luo Guanzhong LAW GWAHB-JOONG
Jingdezhen JING-deh-JUHN
Hwanghnyong-sa hwahng-NEEYAHNG-sah
Tripitaka tri-PIH-tah-kah
Koryo KAW-ree-oh
Yi YEE
han'gul HAHN-goor
Hakata HAH-kah-tah
Kyushu KYOO-shoo
Kamakura kah-mah-KOO-rah
kamikazi KUM-i-kuh-zee
Ashikaga ah-shee-KAH-gah

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Chapter 15

Term Pronunciation
Abu Bakr a-BOO BAK-uhr
Ibn Battuta IB-uhn ba-TOO-tuh
Pygmy PIG-mee
Tuareg TWAH-reg
Fulani foo-LAH-nee
Delhi DEL-ee
Sri Lanka sree LAHNG-kuh
Sinhalese sin-huh-LEEZ
Angkor ANG-kor
Ghana GAH-nuh
Zambezi zam-BEE-zee
Zimbabwe zim-BAHB-way
bilad al-sudan bih-LAD uhs-soo-DAN
Takrur TAHK-roor
Sumanguru soo-muhn-GOO-roo
Sundiata soon-JAH-tuh
Malinke muh-LING-kay
Mansa Kankan Musa MAHN-suh KAHN-kahn MOO-suh
Mansa Suleiman MAHN-suh SOO-lay-mahn
Timbuktu tim-buk-TOO
Kanem-Bornu KAH-nuhm-BOR-noo
Iltutmish il-TOOT-mish
Raziya rah-ZEE-uh
Ala-ud-din Khalji uh-LAH-ud-DEEN KAL-jee
Gujarat goo-juh-RAHT
Tughlug toog-LOOK
Firuz Shah fuh-ROOZ shah
Bahmani bah MAHN-ee
Vijayanagar vee-juh-yah-NAH-gar
dhow dow
Swahili swah-HEE-lee
Malacca meh-LAK-eh
sawahil suh-WAH-hil
Aden AY-den
Zeila ZEYE-luh
Calicut KAL-ih-cut
Zamorin ZAH-much-ruhn
Majapahit mah-jah-PAH-hit
Palembang pah-lem-BONG
Jain jine
Ahmadabad AH-muhd-ah-bahd
Lalibela LAH-lee-BEL-uh
Urdu ER-doo
Nalanda nuh-LAN-duh
Bihar bee-HAHR
sati suh-TEE

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Chapter 16

Term Pronunciation
Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini uh-NEE-uhs SIL-vee-uhs pee-kuh-lo-MEE-nee
Aquinas uh-KWY-nuhs
Kaffa KAH-fah
Genoese JEN-oh-eez
Seine sen
Hanseatic han-see-AT-ik
Bruges broozh
Ghent gent [hard g as in get]
Ypres EE-pruh
Champagne sham-PAIN
Medici MED-ih-chee
Fuggers FOOG-uhrz
Aristotle AR-ih-stah-tahl
Ibn Sina IB-unh SEE-nah
Avicenna av-uh-SEN-uh
Bologna buh-LOHN-yuh
scholasticism skoh-LAS-tih-sizm
Summa Theologica SOOM-uh thee-uh-LOH-jih-kuh
Dante Alighieri DAHN-tay ah-lee-GYEH-ree
Tuscany TUS-kuh-nee
Franceso Petrarch fran-CHES-koh PAY-trahrk
Giovanni Boccaccio jo-VAH-nee boh-KAH-chee-oh
Erasmus uh-RAZ-muhs
Johann Gutenberg yoh-HAHN GOO-ten-burg
Giotto JAW-toh
Jan van Eyck yahn vahn-IKE
Leonardo da Vinci lay-own-AHR-doh dah-VIN-chee
Michelangelo my-kuhl-AN-juh-low
papacy PAY-puh-see
Avignon ah-vee-NYON
duchy DUTCH-ee
Coeur cur
Algarve ahl-GAHRV
Ceuta say-OO-tuh

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Chapter 17

Term Pronunciation
Malay May-LAY
Melanesia mel-uh-NEE-zhuh
Marquesas mar-KAY-suhs
Heyerdahl HIGH-uhr-dahl
dhow dow
Zheng He jung huh
Calicut KAL-ih-kut
Swahili swah-HEE-lee
Madeira muh-DEER-uh
Azores A-zorz
Mansa Kankan Musa MAHN-suh KAHN-kahn MOO-suh
Arawak AR-uh-wahk
Ceuta say-OO-tuh
Sagres SAH-gresh
caravel KAR-uh-vel
Sierra Leone see-ER-uh lee-OWN
São Tomé sow toh-MAY
Cabral kah-BRAHL
Tordesillas tor-duh-SEE-yuhs
Moluccas muh-LOO-kuhz
Balboa bal-BOH-uh
manikongo mah-NEE-KONG-goh
Gujarat goo-juh-RAHT
Malacca muh-LAH-kuh
entrepôt ON-truh-poh
Macao muh-COW
Mughal MOO-gahl
conquistador kon-KEY-stuh-dor
Cortés kor-TEZ
Quetzalcoatl ket-zahl-COH-ah-tal
Tenochtitlan teh-noch-TIT-lan
Moctezuma mock-teh-ZOO-ma

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Chapter 18

Term Pronunciation
tsar zahr
Medici MED-ih-chee
Habsburg HABZ-berg
Jiménez he-MEH-nes
Richelieu ree-shuh-LYOO
Mazarin MAZ-uh-rin, maz-uh-RAN
Colbert kohl-BEAR
Nantes nahnt
Bordeaux bor-DOH
bourgeoisie boor-zwah-ZEE
noblesse de robe no-BLES deh ROHB
noblesse d'épée no-BLES day-PAY
Galileo Galilei gal-uh-LAY-oh gal-uh-LAY-ee

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Chapter 19

Term Pronunciation
Potosí poh-toh-SEE
encomienda in-co-mee-EN-dah
mita MEE-tah
hidalgos ee-DAHL-goes
quilombos key-LOM-bos
palenques pah-LENK-kays
mestizo mess-TEE-zoh
castas CAZ-tahs
Quebec kwuh-BEC
coureurs de bois koo-RUHR day BWA
métis may-TEES

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Chapter 20

Term Pronunciation
Olaudah Equiano oh-LAU-duh ay-kwee-AHN-oh
Igbo EE-boh
Saint Domingue san do-MANGH
grands blancs grawn blawnk
petits blancs pay-TEE blawnk
Guianas guy-AHN-uhs
Colbert kohl-BEAR
Exclusif ek-skloo-SEEF
Benguela ben-GWAY-luh
Songhai song-GAH-ee
Dyula JOO-lah
Ayuba Suleiman Diallo ah-YOO-bah SOO-lay-mahn JAH-loh
Quaque KWAH-kay

[Top]



 

Chapter 21

Term Pronunciation
Qazvin kaz-VEEN
Safavi SAH-fah-vee
Gallipoli gah-LIP-po-lee
Kosovo KO-so-vo
Bayazid BAY-yan-zeed
Mehmed MEH-met
Selim seh-LEEM
Suleiman SOO-lay-man
Janissary JAN-nih-say-ree
devshirme dev-sheer-MEH
Osmanli os-MAHN-lee
askeri AS-keh-ree
raya RAH-yah
Shari’a sha-REE-ah
ulama oo-leh-MAH
Izmir IZ-meer
Mocha MOH-kuh
Patrona Halil pa-TROH-nuh ha-LEEL
Ismail IS-ma-eel
qizilbash KIH-zil-bahsh
Tahmasp tah-MAHSP
Najaf NAH-jaf
Isfahan is-fah-HAHN
anderun an-deh-ROON
Babur BAH-bur
Delhi DEL-ee
mansabs MAN-sabz
mansabdars man-sab-DAHRZ
Rajputs RAHJ-putz
Sikh sick
Aurangzeb ow-rang-ZEB
Nizam al-Mulk nee-ZAHM al-MULK
nawab NAH-wab
Oudh OW-ad
Dupleix doo-PLAY
Pondicherry pon-dir-CHEH-ree
Mindanao min-duh-NOW
Brunei BROO-nie
Acheh AH-cheh
sawahil suh-WAH-hil
ambergris AM-ber-grees
Swahili swah-HEE-lee
Ambon am-BOHN
Mataram MAH-tah-ram

[Top]



 

Chapter 22

Term Pronunciation
Amur AH-moor
Qing ching
Samarkand SAM-mar-kahnd
Bukhara boo-CAR-ruh
Kashgar kahsh-gar
Matteo Ricci ma-TAY-o REE-chee
Beijing bay-JING
Deshima DUH-shee-ma
Nagasaki nah-gah-SAH-kee
Muscovy MUSS-koe-vee
boyar BOY-ar
Romanov ROE-man-off or roe-MAN-off
Yermak Timofeyovich YAIR-mak tih-mo-FAY-oh-vich or tih-mo-fay-OH-vich
Jingdezhen JING-deh-JUHN
Dehua duh-HUA
dalai lama DAH-lie LAH-mah
Li Zicheng lee ZUH-cheng
Wang wahng
Michel Boym mee-SHELL bwam
Kangxi KAHNG-shee
Qianlong chee-YEN-loong
Tokugawa toe-koo-GAH-wah
Ieyasu ee-yeh-YAH-soo
Kyoto kee-YO-toe
Edo ED-doe
samurai SAH-moo-rie
Osaka OH-sah-kah
sake SAH-kay
Mitsui MIT-soo-ee
Date Masamuni dah-tay mah-sah-moo-nee
Honshu hahn-shoo
Okinawa oh-kee-NAH-wah
ronin ROH-neen
seppuku SEP-poo-koo

[Top]



 

Chapter 23

Term Pronunciation
Saint Domingue san doe-MANG
Toussaint L'Ouverture too-SAN loo-ver-CHORE
ancien régime ahn-see-EN ray-ZHEEM
Carolus Linnaeus kar-ROLL-uhs lin-NEE-uhs
Denis Diderot duh-nee DEE-duh-roe
Jean-Jacques Rousseau zhahn-zhock roo-SOE
Qing ching
Thayendanegea ta YEHN dah NEY geh ah
bourgeoisie boor-zwah-ZEE
Versailles vuhr-SIGH
Bastille bass-TEEL
Antoinette ann twah-NET
Jacobin JAK-uh-bin
Girondist juh-RON-dist
Robespierre ROBES-pee-air
gens de couleur zhahn deh koo-LUHR
Ogé oh-ZHAY
Metternich MET-uhr-nik
Louis Philippe loo-EE-fee-LEEP

[Top]



 

Chapter 24

Term Pronunciation
Disraeli diz-RAY-lee
laissez faire lay-say fair
Zollverein TSOLL-feh-rine
utopian you-TOE-pee-uhn

[Top]



 

Chapter 25

Term Pronunciation
Benito Juárez beh-NEE-toh WAH-rez
Junta HUN-tah
Simón Bolívar see-MOAN bow-LEE-varh
José de San Martín hoe-SAY deh san mar-TEEN
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla mee-GEHL ee-DAHL-go ee cos-TEA-ah
José María Morelos hoe-SAY mah-REE-ah moh-RAY-los
Agustín de Iturbide ah-goos-TEEN deh ee-tur-BEE-deh
caudillo kouh-DEE-yoh
José Antonio Páez hoe-SAY an-TOE-nee-oh PAH-eez
Juan Manuel de Rosas huan man-WELL deh ROH-sas
Francisco Solano López fran-CEES-co so-LAN-oh LOH-pez
Tecumseh teh-CUM-sah
Mapuches mah-POO-chez
Maya MY-ah

[Top]



 

Chapter 26

Term Pronunciation
Mysore my-SORE
Sokoto SOH-kuh-toh
Nguni ng-GOO-nee
Zimbabwe zim-BAH-bway
Lesotho luh-SOO-too
Hausa HOW-suh
Usuman dan Fodio OO-soo-mahn dahn FOH-dee-oh
Fulani foo-LAH-nee
Aswan AS-wahn
Ismail is-MAH-eel
Téwodros tay-WOH-druhs
Yohannes yoh-HAHN-nehs
Menelik MEN-uh-lik
'Abd al-Qadir AHB-dahl-KAH-deer
Asante uh-SHAHN-tee
Sierra Leone see-ER-uh lee-OWN
Nyamwezi nn-nyahm-WAY-zee
Swahili swah-HEE-lee
Khartoum khar-TOOM
Mughal MOO-guhl
Maratha muh-RAH-tuh
nawab NAH-wab
sepoy SEE-poy
Sikh seek
cholera KAHL-uhr-uh
Bramo Samaj BRAH-moh suh-MAHJ
sati suh-TEE
Guiana ghee-AH-nuh
Mauritius moh-RIH-uhs
Afrikaner af-rih-KAHN-uhr
Melanesian mel-uh-NEE-zhuhn
Maori MOW-ree [ow as in cow]
ambergris AM-ber-grees

[Top]



 

Chapter 27

Term Pronunciation
Qing ching
Heshen huh-shun
Miao mee-ow
Selim seh-LEEM
Janissaries JAN-nih-say-rees
Mahmud MACH-mood
Ibrahim Pasha EEB-RAH-heem PAH-shah
Muhammad Ali moo-HAM-mad AH-lee
Tanzimat TAHNZ-ee-MAT
Abdul Mejid ab-dul MAY-jeed
qadi KAW-dee
Crimean cry-ME-uhn
Taiping tie-PING
Lin Zexu lin zuh-SHOO
Shanghai shahng-hie
Hong Xiuquan hoong shee-OH-chew-an
Zeng Guofan zung gwoh-FAN
Cixi tsuh-shee
Satsuma SAT-soo-mah
Choshu CHOE-shoo
Kanagawa KAH-nah-GAH-wah
Meiji MAY-gee

[Top]



 

Chapter 28

Term Pronunciation
Otto von Bismark UTT-oh fun BIS-mark
Das Kapital DUSS cop-ee-TALL
Reichstag RIKES-tog
Giuseppe Mazzini jew-SEP-pay mots-EE-nee
Taiping tie-PING
Cixi TSEE-she
Meiji MAY-gee
Mutsuhito moo-tsoo-HE-toe
zaibatsu zye-BOT-soo

[Top]



 

Chapter 29

Term Pronunciation
Port Said port sah-EED
Ismail is-mah-EEL
khedive kuh-DEEV
Xhosa KOH-sah
Cetshwayo set-SHWAH-yo
Isandhlwana ee-sawn-dull-WAH-nah
Transvaal trans-VAHL
Ndebele en-duh-BELL-ay
Mahdi MAH-dee
Herero hair-AIR-oh
Asante uh-SAWN-tay
Adowa AH-doe-ah
cinchona sin-CHO-nah
Mahan mah-HAHN
gutta-percha gut-tah-PER-cha
Mauritius maw-REE-shuss

[Top]



 

Chapter 30

Term Pronunciation
Entente on-TONT
Blaise Diagne blez dee-AHN-yuh
Hejaz HEE-jaz
Faisal fie-SAHL
Chaim Weizmann hi-um VITES-mun
tsar zahr
Georges Clemenceau zhorzh cluh-mon-SO
Versailles vuhr-SIGH
Saint-Germain san-chur-MEN
zaibatsu zie-BOT-soo
Cixi tsuh-shee
Sun Yat-sen soon yot-SEN
Yuan Shikai you-AHN she-KIE
Guomindang gwo-min-dong
Chiang Kai-shek chang kie-shek
Le Corbusier luh cor-booz-YEH
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe LOOD-vig MEES fon der ROW-uh

[Top]



 

Chapter 31

Term Pronunciation
kulaks COO-lox
gulag GOO-log
Il Duce eel DOO-chay
Mein Kampf mine compf
Lebensraum LAY-bens-rowm
Reichstag RIKES-tog
Führer FEW-er
Guomindang gwo-min-dong
Manchukuo man-CHEW-coo-oh
Chiang Kai-shek chang kie-shek
Jiangxi jang-she
Mao Zedong ma-oh zay-dong
Shaanxi SHAWN-she
Wehrmacht VAIR-mokt
blitzkrieg BLITS-creeg

[Top]



 

Chapter 32

Term Pronunciation
Zapata zeh-PAH-teh
Gandhi GAHN-dee
dhoti DOE-tee
Ghana GAH-nuh
Ibadan ee-BAH-dahn
Nairobi nie-ROE-bee
Sahel SAH-hel
Diagne dee-AHN-yuh
Haile Selassie HI-lee seh-LASS-ee
maharajah mah-huh-RAH-juh
sati suh-TEE
Delhi DEL-ee
Mughal MOO-guhl
ahimsa uh-HIM-sah
satyagraha suh-TYAH-gruh-huh
harijan HAH-ree-jahn
Nehru NAY-roo
Jinnah jee-NAH
mestizo mess-TEE-zoh
Diáz DEE-as
Obregón oh-bray-GAWN
Calles KAH-yace
Lázaro Cárdenas LAH-sah-roe KAHR-dih-nahs
pampas POM-pus
oligarquía oh-lee gar-KEE-ah
Buenos Aires BWAY-nihs AIR-eze
Rio de Janeiro REE-oh day zhuh-NAIR-oh
Manaus meh-NOWSE
Hipólito Irigoyen ee-POH-lee-toe ee-ree-GO-yen
Getulio Vargas jay-TOO-lee-oh VAR-gus
Rio Grande do Sul REE-oh GRAN-dee do SOOL
São Paulo sow PAL-oh
favela feh-VEL-luh
Estado Novo esh-TAH-doe NO-vo
José Uriburu hoe-SAY oo-ree-BOO-roo
Juan Perón hoo-AHN pair-OWN
Eva Duarte Perón AY-vuh doo-AR-tay pair-OWN
descamisados des-cah-mee-SAH-dohs

[Top]



 

Chapter 33

Term Pronunciation
Diem dee-YEM
Ho Chi Minh hoe chee min
Khrushchev KROOSH-chef
Myanmar myahn-MAH
Dienbienphu dee-yen-bee-yen-FOO
Kwame Nkrumah KWAH-mee nn-KROO-muh
Kikuyu kih-KOO-you
Tsirinana tsee-REE-nah-nah
Sékou Touré SAY-koo too-RAY
apartheid uh-PAHRT-ate
Che Guevara chay guh-VAHR-uh
Gamal Abd al-Nasir gah-MAHL AHB-d al-NAH-suhr
al-Sadat al-seh-DAT
Aswan AS-wahn
Mao Zedong maow dzuh-dong
Jiang Qing jyahn ching
Faruq fuh-ROOK
Faysal FIE-suhl
Husayn hoo-SANE
Arafat AR-uh-fat

[Top]



 

Chapter 34

Term Pronunciation
João Goulart juwow go-LARHT
Salvador Allende sal-vah-DOR ah-YEHN-day
Augusto Pinochet ah-GOOS-toh pin-oh-CHET
Isabel Martínez de Perón EES-ah-bell mar-TEEN-ehz deh pair-OWN
Sandinistas sahn-din-EES-tahs
Violeta Chamorro vee-oh-LET-ah cha-MOR-roe
Farabundo Martí fah-rah-BOON-doh mar-TEE
Manuel Noriega MAN-wel no-ree-EGG-ah
Reza Pahlavi REH-zah PAH-lah-vee
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini A-yat-ol-LAH ROOH-ol-LAH ko-MAY-nee
Shi’ite SHE-ite
Saddam Husain sah-DAHM who-SANE
keiretsu kay-REHT-soo
Deng Xiaoping dung shee-yao-ping
Tiananmen tee-yehn-ahn-men
Leonid Brezhnev leh-oh-NEED BREZ-nef
Solzhenitzen sol-zhuh-NEET-sin
samizdat sah-meez-DAHT
Gorbachev GORE-beh-CHOF
perestroika per-ih-STROY-kuh
Karol Wojtyla KAH-rol voy-TIL-ah
Nicolae Ceausescu neh-koh-LIE chow-SHES-koo
Lech Walesa leck wah-LESS-ah
Vaclav Havel vah-SLAV hah-VEL

[Top]



 

Chapter 35

Term Pronunciation
Usamah bin Ladin oo-SAH-mah bin LAH-din
Vladimir Zworykin VLAD-ih-meer ZWOR-ih-kin
Uzbekistan uzz-BEK-ih-stan
Kyrgyzstan KIR-gih-stan