Audio Pronunciation Guide
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| Term | Pronunciation |
| A’isha | AH-ee-shah |
| Abbasid | ah-BASS-id |
| 'Abd al-Qadir | AHB-dahl-KAH-deer |
| Abd al-Rahman | AHB-d al-ruh-MAHN |
| Abdul Mejid | ab-dul MAY-jeed |
| Abu Bakr | ab-boo BAK-uhr |
| Abu Bakr | a-BOO BAK-uhr |
| Achaean | uh-KEY-uhn |
| Achaeans | uh-KEY-uhns |
| Achaemenid | a-KEY-muh-nid |
| Acheh | AH-cheh |
| Achilles | uh-KIL-eez |
| Aden | AY-den |
| Adowa | AH-doe-ah |
| Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini | uh-NEE-uhs SIL-vee-uhs pee-kuh-lo-MEE-nee |
| Afrikaner | af-rih-KAHN-uhr |
| Agamemnon | ag-uh-MEM-non |
| Agustín de Iturbide | ah-goos-TEEN deh ee-tur-BEE-deh |
| Ahasuerus | uh-HAZZ-yoo-ear-uhs |
| Ahhijawa | uh-key-YAW-wuh |
| ahimsa | uh-HIM-sah |
| Ahmadabad | AH-muhd-ah-bahd |
| Ahmose | AH-mose |
| Ahuramazda | ah-HOOR-uh-MAZZ-duh |
| Ain Jalut | ine jah-LOOT |
| Akkad | AH-kahd |
| Akkadian | uh-KAY-dee-uhn |
| Aksum | Ahk-soom |
| Alalakh | UH-luh-luhk |
| Alamut | ah-lah-moot |
| Ala-ud-din Khalji | uh-LAH-ud-DEEN KAL-jee |
| Alexius Comnenus | uh-LEX-see-uhs kom-NAY-nuhs |
| Algarve | ahl-GAHRV |
| Allah | AH-luh |
| Almohad | AL-moe-had |
| Almoravid | al-moe-RAH-vid |
| al-Sadat | al-seh-DAT |
| Amarna | uh-MAHR-nuh |
| ambergris | AM-ber-grees |
| Ambon | am-BOHN |
| Amenhotep | ah-muhn-HOE-tep |
| Amon | AH-muhn |
| Amorite | AM-uh-rite |
| Amur | AH-moor |
| An Lushan | ahn loo-shahn |
| Anasazi | ah-nah-SAH-zee |
| ancien régime | ahn-see-EN ray-ZHEEM |
| anderun | an-deh-ROON |
| Angkor | ANG-kor |
| Angra Mainyu | ANG-ruh MINE-yoo |
| Ankara | ANG-kuh-ruh |
| Annam | ahn-nahm |
| anthropomorphic | an-thruh-puh-MORE-fik |
| Antigone | ar-TIG-uh-nee |
| Antigonid | an-TIG-uh-nid |
| Antoinette | ann twah-NET |
| Anyang | ahn-yahng |
| apartheid | uh-PAHRT-ate |
| Apiru | uh-PEE-roo |
| Aquinas | uh-KWY-nuhs |
| Arafat | AR-uh-fat |
| Aramaic | ar-uh-MAY-ik |
| Arawak | AR-uh-wahk |
| Archilochus | ahr-KIL-uh-kuhs |
| Arianism | AIR-ree-uh-niz-uhm |
| Aristophanes | ar-uh-STOFF-uh-neze |
| Aristotle | AR-ih-stah-tahl |
| Arjuna | AHR-joo-nuh |
| Asante | uh-SAWN-tay |
| Ashikaga | ah-shee-KAH-gah |
| Ashurbanipal | ah-shur-BAH-nuh-pahl |
| askeri | AS-keh-ree |
| Astarte | uh-STAHR-tee |
| Aswan | AS-wahn |
| Aten | AHT-n |
| Augusto Pinochet | ah-GOOS-toh pin-oh-CHET |
| Aurangzeb | ow-rang-ZEB |
| Australopithecine | aw-strah-loh-PITH-uh-seen |
| Australopithecus africanus | aw-strah-loh-PITH-uh-kuhs ah-frih-KAH-nuhs |
| Averroës | uh-VERR-oh-eez |
| Avicenna | av-uh-SEN-uh |
| Avignon | ah-vee-NYON |
| Awdaghost | OW-duh-gost |
| Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | A-yat-ol-LAH ROOH-ol-LAH ko-MAY-nee |
| ayllu | aye-YOU |
| Ayuba Suleiman Diallo | ah-YOO-bah SOO-lay-mahn JAH-loh |
| Azores | A-zorz |
B
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Babur | BAH-bur |
| Bactria | BAK-tree-uh |
| Bahmani | bah MAHN-ee |
| Balboa | bal-BOH-uh |
| Balkh | bahlk |
| Baluchistan | buh-loo-chi-STAN |
| Bastille | bass-TEEL |
| Batu | BAH-too |
| Bayazid | BAY-yan-zeed |
| Bayeux | bay-YUH |
| Beijing | bay-JING |
| Benguela | ben-GWAY-luh |
| Benito Juárez | beh-NEE-toh WAH-rez |
| Berytus | buh-RIE-tuhs |
| Bihar | bee-HAHR |
| bilad al-sudan | bih-LAD uhs-soo-DAN |
| Blaise Diagne | blez dee-AHN-yuh |
| blitzkrieg | BLITS-creeg |
| Bo Zhuyi | baw joo-ee |
| bodhisattva | boe-dih-SUT-vuh |
| Bologna | boe-LOAN-yuh |
| Bordeaux | bor-DOH |
| Bosporus | BAHS-puhr-uhs |
| bourgeoisie | boor-zwah-ZEE |
| boyar | BOY-ar |
| Bramo Samaj | BRAH-moh suh-MAHJ |
| Brescia | BREH-shee-uh |
| Bruges | broozh |
| Brunei | broo-NIE |
| Brunei | BROO-nie |
| Buenos Aires | BWAY-nihs AIR-eze |
| Bukhara | boo-CAR-ruh |
| Buyid | BOO-yid |
| Byblos | BIB-loss |
| Byrsa | BURR-suh |
C
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Cabral | kah-BRAHL |
| Calicut | KAL-ih-cut |
| Calles | KAH-yace |
| Cambyses | kam-BIE-sees |
| caravel | KAR-uh-vel |
| carnelian | kahr-NEEL-yuhn |
| Carolingian | kah-roe-LIN-gee-uhn |
| Carolus Linnaeus | kar-ROLL-uhs lin-NEE-uhs |
| castas | CAZ-tahs |
| Çatal Hüyük | cha-TAHL hoo-YOOK |
| Çatal Hüyük | cha-TAHL hoo-YOOK |
| Caucasus | KAW-kuh-suhs |
| caudillo | kouh-DEE-yoh |
| Celts | kelts |
| Cernunnos | KURN-you-nuhs |
| Cetshwayo | set-SHWAH-yo |
| Ceuta | say-OO-tuh |
| Chaim Weizmann | hi-um VITES-mun |
| Champagne | sham-PAIN |
| Chang’an | chahng-ahn |
| Charlemagne | SHAHR-leh-mane |
| Chavín | cha-VEEN |
| Chavín de Huántar | cha-BEAN day WAHN-tar |
| Che Guevara | chay guh-VAHR-uh |
| Chiang Kai-shek | chang kie-shek |
| Chimú | chee-MOO |
| chinampas | chee-NAM-pahs |
| cholera | KAHL-uhr-uh |
| Choshu | CHOE-shoo |
| cinchona | sin-CHO-nah |
| Cixi | tsuh-shee |
| Cluny | KLOO-nee |
| Cnossus | NOSS-suhs |
| Coeur | cur |
| Colbert | kohl-BEAR |
| conquistador | kon-KEY-stuh-dor |
| Constantinople | cahn-stan-tih-NO-pul |
| Cortés | kor-TEZ |
| coureurs de bois | koo-RUHR day BWA |
| Crimea | cry-MEE-ah |
| Crimean | cry-ME-uhn |
| cuneiform | kyoo-NEE-uh-form |
| Cyclopes | sigh-KLOE-pees |
| Cyrillic | sih-RIL-ik |
D
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Daedalus | DED-ih-luhs |
| Dai Viet | die vee-yet |
| dalai lama | DAH-lie LAH-mah |
| Dante Alighieri | DAHN-tay ah-lee-GYEH-ree |
| Daoist | DOW-ist |
| Darius | duh-RIE-uhs |
| Das Kapital | DUSS cop-ee-TALL |
| Date Masamuni | dah-tay mah-sah-moo-nee |
| Deccan | de-KAN |
| Dehua | duh-HUA |
| Deir el-Bahri | DIRE uhl-BAH-ree |
| Delhi | DEL-ee |
| Deng Xiaoping | dung shee-yao-ping |
| denga | DENG-ah |
| Denis Diderot | duh-nee DEE-duh-roe |
| descamisados | des-cah-mee-SAH-dohs |
| Deshima | DUH-shee-ma |
| Deuteronomic | doo-tuhr-uh-NAHM-ik |
| devshirme | dev-sheer-MEH |
| dhoti | DOE-tee |
| dhow | dow |
| Dhuoda | do-OH-dah |
| Diagne | dee-AHN-yuh |
| Diáz | DEE-as |
| Diem | dee-YEM |
| Dienbienphu | dee-yen-bee-yen-FOO |
| Dionysia | die-uh-NIZ-ee-uh |
| Disraeli | diz-RAY-lee |
| Djoser | JO-sur |
| Dnieper | d-NYEP-er |
| Dos Pilas | dohs PEE-las |
| Dravidian | druh-VID-ee-uhn |
| duchy | DUTCH-ee |
| Dupleix | doo-PLAY |
| Dyula | JOO-lah |
E
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Ebla | EH-bluh |
| Edessa | ih-DESS-suh |
| Edo | ED-doe |
| Ekwesh | ECK-wesh |
| Elamite | ee-luh-mite |
| encomienda | in-co-mee-EN-dah |
| Enkidu | EN-kee-doo |
| Entente | on-TONT |
| entrepôt | ON-truh-poh |
| Epona | eh-POH-nuh |
| Erasmus | uh-RAZ-muhs |
| Eretria | er-EH-tree-uh |
| Erythraean | eh-RITH-ree-an |
| Estado Novo | esh-TAH-doe NO-vo |
| Euphrates | you-FRAY-teez |
| Eva Duarte Perón | AY-vuh doo-AR-tay pair-OWN |
| Exclusif | ek-skloo-SEEF |
F
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Faisal | fie-SAHL |
| Faiyum | fie-YOOM |
| Farabundo Martí | fah-rah-BOON-doh mar-TEE |
| Faruq | fuh-ROOK |
| Fatimid | FAT-uh-mid |
| favela | feh-VEL-luh |
| Faxian | fah-shee-en |
| Faxian | fah-shee-en |
| Faysal | FIE-suhl |
| Ferghana | fer-GAH-nuh |
| Fibonacci | fee-bo-NACH-chee |
| Firuz Shah | fuh-ROOZ shah |
| Franceso Petrarch | fran-CHES-koh PAY-trahrk |
| Francisco Solano López | fran-CEES-co so-LAN-oh LOH-pez |
| Fuggers | FOOG-uhrz |
| Führer | FEW-er |
| Fujiwara | foo-jee-WAH-rah |
| Fulani | foo-LAH-nee |
| Fustat | fuss-TAHT |
G
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Galileo Galilei | gal-uh-LAY-oh gal-uh-LAY-ee |
| Gallipoli | gah-LIP-po-lee |
| Gamal Abd al-Nasir | gah-MAHL AHB-d al-NAH-suhr |
| Gandhi | GAHN-dee |
| Gansu | gahn-soo |
| Gaugamela | GAW-guh-mee-luh |
| Ge Hong | guh hoong |
| Gebel Barkal | JEB-uhl BAHR-kahl |
| Genghis Khan | GENG-iz KAHN |
| Genoese | JEN-oh-eez |
| gens de couleur | zhahn deh koo-LUHR |
| Georges Clemenceau | zhorzh cluh-mon-SO |
| Getulio Vargas | jay-TOO-lee-oh VAR-gus |
| Ghadir al-Khumm | ga-DEER al-KUM |
| Ghana | GAH-nuh |
| Ghazan | haz-zan |
| Ghent | gent [hard g as in get] |
| Ghiyas al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi | gee-YASS ad-DIN jam-sheed ak-KAHSH |
| Giotto | JAW-toh |
| Giovanni Boccaccio | jo-VAH-nee boh-KAH-chee-oh |
| Girondist | juh-RON-dist |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | jew-SEP-pay mots-EE-nee |
| Gobi | GO-bee |
| Gomorrah | guh-MORE-uh |
| Gorbachev | GORE-beh-CHOF |
| grands blancs | grawn blawnk |
| Guangzhou | gwahng-jo |
| Guiana | ghee-AH-nuh |
| Guianas | guy-AHN-uhs |
| Gujarat | goo-juh-RAHT |
| gulag | GOO-log |
| Guomindang | gwo-min-dong |
| gutta-percha | gut-tah-PER-cha |
| Güyük | gi-yik |
H
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Habsburg | HABZ-berg |
| hadith | hah-DEETH |
| Hagia Sophia | AH-yah SOH-fee-uh |
| Haile Selassie | HI-lee seh-LASS-ee |
| Hakata | HAH-kah-tah |
| Hakra | HAK-ruh |
| halal | haa-LAAL |
| Hammurabi | HAM-uh-rah-bee |
| han'gul | HAHN-goor |
| Hangzhou | hahng-jo |
| Hanseatic | han-see-AT-ik |
| harijan | HAH-ree-jahn |
| Harun al-Rashid | hah-ROON al-rah-SHEED |
| Hatshepsut | hat-SHEP-soot |
| Hattusha | haht-tush-SHAH |
| hauberk | HAW-berk |
| Hausa | HOW-suh |
| Hejaz | HEE-jaz |
| Heliopolis | he-lee-OP-uh-lis |
| Hellenes | HELL-leans |
| helot | HELL-ut |
| Henan | heh-nahn |
| Herero | hair-AIR-oh |
| Herodotus | heh-ROD-uh tuhs |
| Heshen | huh-shun |
| Heyerdahl | HIGH-uhr-dahl |
| hidalgos | ee-DAHL-goes |
| hieroglyphics | high-ruh-GLIF-iks |
| hijra | HIJ-ruh |
| Hildebrand | HILL-de-brand |
| Himalaya | him-uh-LAY-uh |
| Himalayas | him-uh-LAY-uhs |
| Hipólito Irigoyen | ee-POH-lee-toe ee-ree-GO-yen |
| Hittite | HIT-ite |
| Ho Chi Minh | hoe chee min |
| Holocene | HAWL-oh-seen |
| hominid | HOM-uh-nid |
| Homo erectus | HOH-moh ee-REK-tuhs |
| Homo habilis | HOH-moh HAB-uh-luhs |
| Homo sapiens | HOH-moh SAY-pee-enz |
| Hong Xiuquan | hoong shee-OH-chew-an |
| Honshu | hahn-shoo |
| Huang Dao Po | hwahng DOW poh |
| Huang He | hwang huh |
| Huitzilopochtli | wheat-zeel-oh-POSHT-lee |
| Hülegü | HE-luh-gee |
| Husayn | hoo-SANE |
| Hwanghnyong-sa | hwahng-NEEYAHNG-sah |
| Hyksos | HICK-soes |
I
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Ibadan | ee-BAH-dahn |
| Ibn al-Arabi | IB-uhn ahl-AH-rah-bee |
| Ibn al-Haytham | IB-uhn al-HY-tham |
| Ibn Battuta | IB-uhn ba-TOO-tuh |
| Ibn Khaldun | ee-bin hal-DOON |
| Ibn Rushd | IB-uhn RUSHED |
| ibn Salim | ee-bin sah-leem |
| Ibn Sina | IB-unh SEE-nah |
| Ibn Tufayl | IB-uhn too-FILE |
| Ibn Tumart | IB-uhn TOO-mahrt |
| Ibrahim Pasha | EEB-RAH-heem PAH-shah |
| Ieyasu | ee-yeh-YAH-soo |
| Igbo | EE-boh |
| Il Duce | eel DOO-chay |
| Il-khan | IL-con |
| Iltutmish | il-TOOT-mish |
| Iolcus | YOL-kuhs |
| Isabel Martínez de Perón | EES-ah-bell mar-TEEN-ehz deh pair-OWN |
| Isandhlwana | ee-sawn-dull-WAH-nah |
| Isfahan | is-fah-HAHN |
| Ismail | is-mah-EEL |
| Ivan | ee-VAHN |
| Izmir | IZ-meer |
J
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Jacobin | JAK-uh-bin |
| Jagadai | jahg-ah-die |
| Jain | jine |
| Jainism | JINE-iz-uhm |
| Jan van Eyck | yahn vahn-IKE |
| Janissaries | JAN-nih-say-rees |
| Janissary | JAN-nih-say-ree |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | zhahn-zhock roo-SOE |
| Jericho | JER-ih-koe |
| Jiang Qing | jyahn ching |
| Jiangxi | jang-she |
| Jiménez | he-MEH-nes |
| Jingdezhen | JING-deh-JUHN |
| Jinnah | jee-NAH |
| João Goulart | juwow go-LARHT |
| Johann Gutenberg | yoh-HAHN GOO-ten-burg |
| José Antonio Páez | hoe-SAY an-TOE-nee-oh PAH-eez |
| José de San Martín | hoe-SAY deh san mar-TEEN |
| José María Morelos | hoe-SAY mah-REE-ah moh-RAY-los |
| José Uriburu | hoe-SAY oo-ree-BOO-roo |
| Juan Manuel de Rosas | huan man-WELL deh ROH-sas |
| Juan Perón | hoo-AHN pair-OWN |
| Junta | HUN-tah |
| Juvaini | joo-VINE-nee |
K
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Ka’ba | KAH-buh |
| Kaffa | KAH-fah |
| Kaifeng | kie-fuhng |
| Kalhu | KAL-oo |
| Kamakura | kah-mah-KOO-rah |
| kamikazi | KUM-i-kuh-zee |
| Kamose | KAH-mose |
| Kanagawa | KAH-nah-GAH-wah |
| Kanem-Bornu | KAH-nuhm-BOR-noo |
| Kangxi | KAHNG-shee |
| Karakorum | kah-rah-KOR-um |
| Karol Wojtyla | KAH-rol voy-TIL-ah |
| Kashgar | kahsh-gar |
| Kassite | KAS-ite |
| Kathiawar | kah-tee-uh-WAHR |
| keiretsu | kay-REHT-soo |
| Keraits | keh-rates |
| Khadija | kah-DEE-juh |
| khalifa | kah-LEE-fuh |
| khan-balikh | kahn-BAL-ik |
| Khartoum | khar-TOOM |
| khedive | kuh-DEEV |
| Khefren | KEF-ren |
| khipus | KEY-pooz |
| Khoisan | KOI-sahn |
| Khrushchev | KROOSH-chef |
| Khubilai | KOO-bih-lie |
| Khufu | KOO-foo |
| Khurasan | kor-uh-SAHN |
| Khwarazmshah | hwa-RAZZ-um-shah |
| Kiev | KEE-yev |
| Kikuyu | kih-KOO-you |
| Kipchak | KIP-chahk |
| Kitan | kee-tan |
| Koryo | KAW-ree-oh |
| Kosovo | KO-so-vo |
| Krishna | KRISH-nuh |
| Kshatriya | kshuh-TREE-yuh |
| kulaks | COO-lox |
| Kwame Nkrumah | KWAH-mee nn-KROO-muh |
| Kyoto | kee-YO-toe |
| Kyrgyzstan | KIR-gih-stan |
| Kyushu | KYOO-shoo |
L
| Term | Pronunciation |
| La Venta | LA BEN-tah |
| laissez faire | lay-say fair |
| Lalibela | LAH-lee-BEL-uh |
| lama | LAH-mah |
| Laos | louse |
| lapis lazuli | LAP-is LAZ-uh-lee |
| Lázaro Cárdenas | LAH-sah-roe KAHR-dih-nahs |
| Le Corbusier | luh cor-booz-YEH |
| Lebensraum | LAY-bens-rowm |
| Lech Walesa | leck wah-LESS-ah |
| legume | LEG-yoom |
| Leonardo da Vinci | lay-own-AHR-doh dah-VIN-chee |
| Leonid Brezhnev | leh-oh-NEED BREZ-nef |
| Lesotho | luh-SOO-too |
| Levant | luh-VANT |
| Li Shimin | lee shir-meen |
| Li Zicheng | lee ZUH-cheng |
| Liao | lee-OW |
| Lin Zexu | lin zuh-SHOO |
| lineage | LIN-ee-ij |
| Lithuania | lith-oo-WAY-nee-ah |
| loess | less |
| Louis Philippe | loo-EE-fee-LEEP |
| Ludwig Mies van der Rohe | LOOD-vig MEES fon der ROW-uh |
| Lug | loog |
| lugal | LOO-guhl |
| Luo Guanzhong | LAW GWAHB-JOONG |
| Luoyang | LWOE-yahng |
| Lysistrata | lis-uh-STRAH-tuh |
M
| Term | Pronunciation |
| ma’at | muh-AHT |
| Macao | muh-COW |
| Madeira | muh-DEER-uh |
| madrasa | MAH-dras-uh |
| Mahan | mah-HAHN |
| maharaja | mah-huh-RAH-juh |
| maharajah | mah-huh-RAH-juh |
| Mahayana | Mah-HAH-YAH-nah |
| Mahdi | MAH-dee |
| Mahmud | MACH-mood |
| maize | mayz |
| Majapahit | mah-jah-PAH-hit |
| Malacca | muh-LAH-kuh |
| Malay | May-LAY |
| Malinke | muh-LING-kay |
| Mallia | mahl-YAH |
| Mamluk | MAM-look |
| Manaus | meh-NOWSE |
| Manchukuo | man-CHEW-coo-oh |
| manikongo | mah-NEE-KONG-goh |
| Mansa Kankan Musa | MAHN-suh KAHN-kahn MOO-suh |
| Mansa Suleiman | MAHN-suh SOO-lay-mahn |
| mansabdars | man-sab-DAHRZ |
| mansabs | MAN-sabz |
| Manuel Noriega | MAN-wel no-ree-EGG-ah |
| Manzikert | MANZ-ih-kuhrt |
| Mao Zedong | maow dzuh-dong |
| Maori | MOW-ree [ow as in cow] |
| Mapuches | mah-POO-chez |
| Maraga | mah-rah-gah |
| Maratha | muh-RAH-tuh |
| Marco Polo | mar-koe POE-loe |
| Mari | MAH-ree |
| Markuz | MARK-uhz |
| Marquesas | mar-KAY-suhs |
| Marrakesh | MAH-rah-kesh |
| Mataram | MAH-tah-ram |
| matriarchy | MAY-tree-ahr-key |
| matrilineal | mat-ruh-LIN-ee-uhl |
| Matteo Ricci | ma-TAY-o REE-chee |
| Mauritius | maw-REE-shuss |
| Maurya | MORE-yuh |
| Mauryan | MORE-yuhn |
| Maya | MY-ah |
| Mazarin | MAZ-uh-rin, maz-uh-RAN |
| Mbuti | m-BOO-tee |
| Medici | MED-ih-chee |
| Mehmed | MEH-met |
| Meiji | MAY-gee |
| Mein Kampf | mine compf |
| Melanesia | mel-uh-NEE-zhuh |
| Melanesian | mel-uh-NEE-zhuhn |
| Melqart | MEL-kahrt |
| Menelik | MEN-uh-lik |
| Menes | MEH-neez |
| Meroë | MER-oh-ee |
| mestizo | mess-TEE-zoh |
| métis | may-TEES |
| Metternich | MET-uhr-nik |
| Mexica | meh-SHE-ca |
| Miao | mee-ow |
| Michel Boym | mee-SHELL bwam |
| Michelangelo | my-kuhl-AN-juh-low |
| Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | mee-GEHL ee-DAHL-go ee cos-TEA-ah |
| Mindanao | min-duh-NOW |
| Minoan | mih-NO-uhn |
| Minotaur | MIN-uh-tor |
| mita | MEE-tah |
| mit'a | MEET-ah |
| Mitanni | mih-TAH-nee |
| Mitsui | MIT-soo-ee |
| Mocha | MOH-kuh |
| Moche | MO-che |
| Moctezuma | mock-teh-ZOO-ma |
| Mohenjo-Daro | moe-hen-joe-DAHR-oh |
| Moluccas | muh-LOO-kuhz |
| Monophysite | muh-NAH-fi-site |
| Mozambique | moe-zam-BEEK |
| Mu’awiya | moo-AH-we-yuh |
| Mughal | MOO-guhl |
| Mughal | MOO-guhl |
| Muhammad Ali | moo-HAM-mad AH-lee |
| Muscovy | MUSS-koe-vee |
| Mutsuhito | moo-tsoo-HE-toe |
| Myanmar | myahn-MAH |
| Mycenae | my-SEE-nee |
| Mycenaean | my-suh-NEE-uhn |
| myrrh | murr |
| Mysore | my-SORE |
N
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Nabopolassar | NAB-oh-poe-lass-uhr |
| Nagasaki | nah-gah-SAH-kee |
| Nairobi | nie-ROE-bee |
| Najaf | NAH-jaf |
| Nalanda | nuh-LAN-duh |
| Nan Zhao | nan-jow |
| Nanjing | nahn-JING |
| Nantes | nahnt |
| Napata | na-PAY-tuh |
| Naqsh-i Rustam | NUHK-shee ROOS-tuhm |
| Nara | NAH-rah |
| Naranjo | na-ROHN-hoe |
| Nasir al-Din Tusi | nah-zer ad-DEEN toos |
| nawab | NAH-wab |
| Ndebele | en-duh-BELL-ay |
| Nebuchadnezzar | NAB-oo-kuhd-nez-uhr |
| Nefertiti | nef-uhr-TEE-tee |
| Nehru | NAY-roo |
| Neolithic | nee-oh-LITH-ik |
| Nevskii | nih-EFF-skee |
| Nguni | ng-GOO-nee |
| Nicaea | neye-SEE-uh |
| Nicolae Ceausescu | neh-koh-LIE chow-SHES-koo |
| Nineveh | NIN-uh-vuh |
| Nizam al-Mulk | nee-ZAHM al-MULK |
| noblesse de robe | no-BLES deh ROHB |
| noblesse d'épée | no-BLES day-PAY |
| Novgorod | NOHV-goh-rod |
| Nur al-Din ibn Zangi | NOOR-al-DEEN ib-uhn ZAN-gee |
| Nyamwezi | nn-nyahm-WAY-zee |
O
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Obregón | oh-bray-GAWN |
| Oduduwa | oh-DOO-doo-wah |
| Ogé | oh-ZHAY |
| Ögödei | ERG-uh-day |
| Okinawa | oh-kee-NAH-wah |
| Olaudah Equiano | oh-LAU-duh ay-kwee-AHN-oh |
| Olduvai | ol-DOO-vy |
| oligarchy | OLL-ih-gahr-key |
| oligarquía | oh-lee gar-KEE-ah |
| Olmec | OHL-meck |
| Omar Khayyam | oh-mar KIE-yam |
| Osaka | OH-sah-kah |
| Osiris | oh-SIGH-ris |
| Osmanli | os-MAHN-lee |
| Otto von Bismark | UTT-oh fun BIS-mark |
| Oudh | OW-ad |
P
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Palembang | pah-lem-BONG |
| palenques | pah-LENK-kays |
| Paleolithic | pay-lee-oh-LITH-ik |
| Palmyra | pal-MY-ruh |
| Pamir | pah-MEER |
| pampas | POM-pus |
| Panathenaea | pan-ath-uh-NEE-uh |
| papacy | PAY-puh-see |
| papyrus | puh-PIE-ruhs |
| patriarchate | PAY-tree-ar-kayt |
| patrilineal | pat-ruh-LIN-ee-uhl |
| Patrona Halil | pa-TROH-nuh ha-LEEL |
| Peloponnese | PELL-eh-puh-neze |
| perestroika | per-ih-STROY-kuh |
| Pericles | PER-eh-kleez |
| petits blancs | pay-TEE blawnk |
| Phaistos | FIE-stuhs |
| Phoenician | fi-NEE-shuhn |
| Phoinikes | FOY-nee-kes |
| Piraeus | pih-RAY-uhs |
| Pisistratus | pie-SIS-truh-tuhs |
| Pleistocene | PLY-stuh-seen |
| Po Zhuyi | boh joo-yee |
| polis | POE-lis |
| Pondicherry | pon-dir-CHEH-ree |
| pontifex maximus | PAHN-tih-fex MAX-ih-muhs |
| Port Said | port sah-EED |
| Potosí | poh-toh-SEE |
| Ptah | puh-TAH |
| Ptolemaic | tawl-uh-MAY-ik |
| Ptolemies | TAWL-uh-meze |
| Punt | poont |
| Pygmy | PIG-mee |
| Pylos | PIE-lohs |
| Pythia | PITH-ee-uh |
Q
| Term | Pronunciation |
| qadi | KAW-dee |
| Qayrawan | kire-ah-WAHN |
| Qazvin | kaz-VEEN |
| Qianlong | chee-YEN-loong |
| Qin | chin |
| Qinghai | CHING-hie |
| qizilbash | KIH-zil-bahsh |
| Quaque | KWAH-kay |
| Quebec | kwuh-BEC |
| Quetzalcoatl | kate-zahl-CO-ah-tal |
| quilombos | key-LOM-bos |
| quinoa | kee-NOH-uh |
| Quran | kuh-RAHN |
| Quraysh | koo-RYYSH |
R
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Rabban Sauma | rahb-bahn SAU-ma |
| Rajputs | RAHJ-putz |
| Ramesses | ram-ih-SEEZ |
| Rashid al-Din | ra-SHEED ad-DEEN |
| raya | RAH-yah |
| Raziya | rah-ZEE-uh |
| Re | ray |
| Reichstag | RIKES-tog |
| Reza Pahlavi | REH-zah PAH-lah-vee |
| Riazan | ree-AH-zahn |
| Richelieu | ree-shuh-LYOO |
| Rio de Janeiro | REE-oh day zhuh-NAIR-oh |
| Rio Grande do Sul | REE-oh GRAN-dee do SOOL |
| Robespierre | ROBES-pee-air |
| Romanesque | roe-man-ESK |
| Romanov | ROE-man-off or roe-MAN-off |
| ronin | ROH-neen |
S
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Saddam Husain | sah-DAHM who-SANE |
| Safavi | SAH-fah-vee |
| Sagres | SAH-gresh |
| Sahel | SAH-hel |
| Saint Domingue | san do-MANGH |
| Saint-Germain | san-chur-MEN |
| sake | SAH-kay |
| Salamis | SAH-lah-miss |
| Salvador Allende | sal-vah-DOR ah-YEHN-day |
| Samanid | sah-MAN-id |
| Samarkand | SAM-mar-kahnd |
| samizdat | sah-meez-DAHT |
| samurai | SAH-moo-rie |
| Sandinistas | sahn-din-EES-tahs |
| São Paulo | sow PAL-oh |
| São Tomé | sow toh-MAY |
| Saqqara | suh-KAHR-uh |
| Saracen | SAR-uh-suhn |
| Sarai | sah-RYE |
| Sarepta | suh-REP-tuh |
| Sargon | SAHR-gone |
| Sasanid | suh-SAH-nid |
| sati | suh-TEE |
| satrap | SAY-trap |
| Satsuma | SAT-soo-mah |
| satyagraha | suh-TYAH-gruh-huh |
| sawahil | suh-WAH-hil |
| schism | SKIZ-uhm |
| scholasticism | skoh-LAS-tih-sizm |
| Scythian | SITH-ee-uhn |
| Seine | sen |
| Sékou Touré | SAY-koo too-RAY |
| Seleucid | sih-LOO-sid |
| Selim | seh-LEEM |
| Seljuk | SEL-jook |
| Semitic | suh-MIT-ik |
| sepoy | SEE-poy |
| seppuku | SEP-poo-koo |
| Shaanxi | SHAWN-she |
| Shahan-shah | SHAH-han-SHAH |
| Shang | shahng |
| Shangdu | shahng-DOO |
| Shanghai | shahng-hie |
| Shari’a | sha-REE-ah |
| shawabti | shuh-WAB-tee |
| shawabtis | shuh-WAB-tees |
| Shephelah | sheh-FEH-luh |
| Shi’ite | SHE-ite |
| Shudra | SHOOD-ra |
| Sichuan | SUH-chwahn |
| Siena | see-EN-uh |
| Sierra Leone | see-ER-uh lee-OWN |
| Sijilmasa | sih-jil-MAS-suh |
| Sikh | seek |
| Silla | SILL-ah or SHILL-ah |
| Simón Bolívar | see-MOAN bow-LEE-varh |
| Sind | sinned |
| Sinhalese | sin-huh-LEEZ |
| Sogdiana | sog-dee-A-nuh |
| Sokoto | SOH-kuh-toh |
| Solzhenitzen | sol-zhuh-NEET-sin |
| Song | soong |
| Songhai | song-GAH-ee |
| Soninke | soh-NIN-kay |
| Sri Lanka | sree LAHNG-kuh |
| Srivijava | sree-vih-JUH-yuh |
| Sufism | SOO-fiz-uhm |
| Sui | sway |
| Suleiman | SOO-lay-man |
| Sumanguru | soo-muhn-GOO-roo |
| Summa Theologica | SOOM-uh thee-uh-LOH-jih-kuh |
| Sun Yat-sen | soon yot-SEN |
| Sundiata | soon-JAH-tuh |
| Sunni | SUN-nee |
| Swahili | swah-HEE-lee |
T
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Tabriz | taw-BREEZE |
| Tahert | TAH-hert |
| Tahmasp | tah-MAHSP |
| Taika | TIE-kah |
| Taiping | tie-PING |
| Takla Makan | TAH-kluh muh-KAHN |
| Takrur | TAHK-roor |
| tamga | TAHM-gah |
| Tang | tahng |
| Tanggut | TAHNG-gut |
| Tanit | TAH-nit |
| Tanzimat | TAHNZ-ee-MAT |
| Tecumseh | teh-CUM-sah |
| Tehuacán | teh-wah-KAHN |
| Temüjin | TEM-uh-jin |
| Tenochtitlan | teh-noch-TIT-lan |
| Teotihuacan | teh-o-tee-WAH-kahn |
| Teutonic | two-TOHN-ik |
| Téwodros | tay-WOH-druhs |
| Thailand | TIE-land |
| Thar | tahr |
| Thayendanegea | ta YEHN dah NEY geh ah |
| Theravada | there-eh-VAH-duh |
| Thermopylae | thuhr-MOP-uh-lee |
| Theseus | THEE-see-uhs |
| Thesmophoria | thes-moe-FOE-ree-uh |
| Thucydides | thoo-SID-ih-dees |
| Tiamat | TIE-ah-mat |
| Tian | tee-en |
| Tiananmen | tee-yehn-ahn-men |
| Tiglathpileser | TIG-lath-pih-LEE-zuhr |
| Tigris | TIE-gris |
| Timbuktu | tim-buk-TOO |
| Timur | tem-EER |
| Tiryns | TEER-inz |
| Tiwanaku | tee-wah-NA-coo |
| Toghoril | TOE-hoe-rill |
| Tokugawa | toe-koo-GAH-wah |
| Toltec | TOLL-tek |
| tophet | TOE-fet |
| Topilitzin | tow-PEELT-zeen |
| Tordesillas | tor-duh-SEE-yuhs |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | too-SAN loo-ver-CHORE |
| Transvaal | trans-VAHL |
| Tres Zapotes | TRACE zah-POE-tace |
| Tripitaka | tri-PIH-tah-kah |
| trireme | TRY-reem |
| tsar | zahr |
| Tsirinana | tsee-REE-nah-nah |
| Tuareg | TWAH-reg |
| Tughlug | toog-LOOK |
| Tughril | TUUG-ruhl |
| Tula | TOO-la |
| Tunisia | too-NEE-zhee-uh |
| Tuscany | TUS-kuh-nee |
| Tutankhamun | toot-ahng-KAH-muhn |
| Tuthmosis | tuth-MOE-sis |
| Tyre | tire |
U
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Ugarit | OO-guh-reet |
| Uigur | WEE-ger |
| Ukraine | you-CRANE |
| ulama | oo-leh-MAH |
| Ulugh Beg | oo-look bek |
| Umayyad | oo-MY-ad |
| umma | UM-muh |
| Upanishads | oo-PAHN-ih-shahds |
| Urartu | ur-RAHR-too |
| Urdu | ER-doo |
| Uruk | OO-rook |
| Usamah bin Ladin | oo-SAH-mah bin LAH-din |
| Usuman dan Fodio | OO-soo-mahn dahn FOH-dee-oh |
| Uthman | ooth-MAHN |
| utopian | you-TOE-pee-uhn |
| Uzbekistan | uzz-BEK-ih-stan |
V
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Vaclav Havel | vah-SLAV hah-VEL |
| Vaishya | VIESH-yuh |
| Vallon Pont-d’Arc | vah-LON pon-DAHRK |
| Varangians | va-RAN-gee-anz |
| Vedas | VAY-duhs |
| Versailles | vuhr-SIGH |
| Vijayanagar | vee-juh-yah-NAH-gar |
| Violeta Chamorro | vee-oh-LET-ah cha-MOR-roe |
| Vladimir | VLAD-ih-mir |
| Vladimir Zworykin | VLAD-ih-meer ZWOR-ih-kin |
| Volga | VOHL-gah |
W
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Wac-Chanil-Ahau | wac-cha-NEEL-ah-HOW |
| Wang | wahng |
| Wari | WAH-ree |
| Wehrmacht | VAIR-mokt |
| Wei | way |
| Wu Zhao | woo jow |
X
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Xanadu | ZAH-nah-doo |
| Xenophanes | zeh-NOFF-eh-nees |
| Xenophon | ZEN-uh-fuhn |
| Xerxes | ZERK-sees |
| Xhosa | KOH-sah |
| Xinjiang | shin-jee-yahng |
| Xiongnu | SHE-OONG-noo |
| Xuanzang | shoo-wen-zahng |
Y
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Yang Guifei | yahng gway-fay |
| Yangzi | yang-zuh |
| Yangzi | yahng-zeh |
| Yelu Chucai | yay-loo CHOO-tsye |
| Yermak Timofeyovich | YAIR-mak tih-mo-FAY-oh-vich or tih-mo-fay-OH-vich |
| Yi | YEE |
| Yohannes | yoh-HAHN-nehs |
| Yongle | yoong-LAW |
| Yoruba | yoh-roo-bah |
| Ypres | EE-pruh |
| Yuan | yu-wenn |
| Yuan Shikai | you-AHN she-KIE |
| Yunnan | YOON-nahn |
Z
| Term | Pronunciation |
| Zagros | ZAG-ruhs |
| zaibatsu | zye-BOT-soo |
| zaibatsu | zie-BOT-soo |
| Zaire | zah-EER |
| Zambezi | zam-BEE-zee |
| Zamorin | ZAH-much-ruhn |
| Zapata | zeh-PAH-teh |
| Zebu | ZEE-boo |
| Zeila | ZEYE-luh |
| Zeng Guofan | zung gwoh-FAN |
| Zhang Jian | jahng jee-en |
| Zheng He | jung huh |
| Zhou | joe |
| Zhu Yuanzhang | JOO yuwen JAHNG |
| ziggurat | ZIG-uh-rat |
| Zimbabwe | zim-BAH-bway |
| Zollverein | TSOLL-feh-rine |
| Zoroastrianism | zo-ro-ASS-tree-uh-niz-uhm |
